1RWH
• :KHUHWKHOHIWDUJXPHQWLVVKRZQDVCFW[LWFDQDOVREH1XOODEVHQWLQGLFDWLQJWKH
FXUUHQW FRQWH[W
• :KHUHWKHOHIWDUJXPHQWLVVKRZQDVCWKHURRWFRQWH[WLWFDQDOVREH1XOODEVHQW
LQGLFDWLQJ WKH FXUUHQW FRQWH[W
1DPH 6HDUFK BQV^\ [‘
$UJXPHQWV DQG 5HVXOW

%RWK \ DQG[ DUH FKDUDFWHU DUUD\V QRUPDOO\ YHFWRUV 7KH UHVXOW LV DQ LQWHJHU YHFWRU RU PDWUL[

’ HILQLWLRQ

,I[ LV QRW D YHFWRU LWV UDYHO LV XVHG ,I \ LV D YHFWRU WKH UHVXOW LV D YHFWRU RI LQGLFHV RI
QRQRYHUODSSLQJ QDPHOLNH RFFXUUHQFHVRI WKH YHFWRU[LQ\ (DFK LQGH[ PDUNV WKH EHJLQQLQJRI DQ
RFFXUUHQFH LQ \ $Q HPSW\ UHVXOW VLJQLILHV WKDW WKHUH DUH QR RFFXUUHQFHV $ QDPHOLNH RFFXUUHQFH
LV RQH WKDW VDWLVILHV WKH IROORZLQJ UHVWULFWLRQV
• QRWSDUWRIDFRPPHQW
• QRWLQTXRWHV
• QRWLPPHGLDWHO\SUHFHGHGE\DEDFNTXRWHRUDKLJKPLQXVCRUSUHFHGHGRUIROORZHG
E\ DQ DOSKDEHWLF FKDUDFWHU LQ XSSHU RU ORZHU FDVH D GLJLW RU D GRW RU DQ XQGHUVFRUH
B
,I\ LV D PDWUL[ RU KLJKHU UDQN DUUD\ WKHQ DQ RFFXUUHQFH LV UHTXLUHG WR EH HQWLUHO\ RQ RQH OLQH
RFFXUUHQFHV VSDQQLQJ URZV DUH QRW DFFHSWHG $Q XQEDODQFHG TXRWDWLRQ PDUN SHUKDSV LQWHQGHG
DV DQ DSRVWURSKH ZLOO EORFN QDPH UHFRJQLWLRQ LQ ODWHU OLQHV KRZHYHU 7KH UHVXOW LV DQ U E\ Q
PDWUL[ ZKHUH ULV WKHUDQN RI\DQGQ LV WKHQXPEHURI RFFXUUHQFHVIRXQG $FROXPQ RIWKH UHVXOW
JLYHV WKH LQGLFHV RI WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ RFFXUUHQFH ZLWK WKH KLJKHVW RUGHU LQGH[ DW WKH WRS DQG WKH
FROXPQ LQGH[ DW WKH ERWWRP 7KXV DSSOLHG WR WKH UHVXOW JLYHV D OLVW RI WKH LWHPV LQ ZKLFK
RFFXUUHQFHV ZHUH IRXQG

([DPSOHV

BQV^ 7KLV LV LV LV ‘

DEF DEF DEF
DEF
DE
F
DEF
BQV^ DEF DEF DEF DEF ‘


1DPH 6HDUFK DQG 5HSODFH BQVU^\ [ U‘
$UJXPHQWV DQG 5HVXOW

\ [ U DQG WKH UHVXOW DUH DOO FKDUDFWHU DUUD\V QRUPDOO\ YHFWRUV

’ HILQLWLRQ

,I[ RU U LV QRW D YHFWRU LWVUDYHO LVXVHG 2FFXUUHQFHV RI[ DUH VRXJKW LQH[DFWO\WKH VDPH ZD\DV
WKH\ DUH LQ 1DPH 6HDUFK BQV^\ [‘ EXW LQ WZR GLIIHUHQW REMHFWV GHSHQGLQJ XSRQ \ [ DQGU
• ,I\LVDYHFWRURUWKHUDYHOVRI[DQGUDUHWKHVDPHOHQJWKWKHQWKHUHVXOWLV\ZLWKULQ
SODFH RI HYHU\ RFFXUUHQFH RI [ IRXQG LQ \ LWVHOI
• 2WKHUZLVHWKHUHVXOWLVWKHUDYHORI\ZLWKULQSODFHRIHYHU\RFFXUUHQFHRI[IRXQGLQ
WKH UDYHO RI \ LI QR RFFXUUHQFHV ZHUH IRXQG WKH UHVXOW LV VLPSO\ WKH UDYHO RI\
6HH DOVR WKH H[DPSOHV LQ 6WULQJ 6HDUFK DQG 5HSODFH
([DPSOH

BQVU^ 7KLV LV LV LV DUH ‘
7KLV DUH LV
1D1 )LQG BQDQILQG^[‘
$UJXPHQW DQG 5HVXOW

7KH DUJXPHQW LV DQ\ DUUD\ 7KH UHVXOW LV DQ LQWHJHU YHFWRU

’ HILQLWLRQ

,I WKH W\SH RI[ LV IORDWLQJ SRLQW VR[ LV VLPSOH WKHQ WKH UHVXOW LV D YHFWRU FRQVLVWLQJ RI WKH
LQGLFHV RI WKRVH HOHPHQWV RI WKH UDYHO RI [ WKDW DUH 1D1V 2WKHUZLVH WKH UHVXOW LV
1D1V DUH XVHG LQ VRPH V\VWHPV WR UHSUHVHQW LQGHWHUPLQDWH QXPEHUV 7KH\ DUH OLNH,QIV EXW
PRUH JHQHUDO 7KLV IXQFWLRQ FDQ EH XVHG WR ORFDWH 1D1V RFFXUULQJ LQ ORDGHG ILOHV RU UHVXOWLQJ
IURP G\QDPLFDOO\ ORDGHG FRGH 7KHQDQ VXEFRPPDQG RI WKH GEJ FRPPDQG FDQ EH XVHG WR
VFUHHQ ILOHV EHLQJ EHDPHG LQ IRU 1D1V 1D1V DUH QRW JHQHUDWHG E\ $ SULPLWLYH IXQFWLRQV
3HUPLVVLYH ,QGH[LQJ BLQGH[^L [ G‘
$UJXPHQWV DQG 5HVXOW

L LV D VLPSOHDUUD\ RIUHVWULFWHGZKROH QXPEHUV [LV DQ\DUUD\ DQGG FRQIRUPVWRWKHLWHPV RI[
L H LWVJHQHUDOW\SHLV WKH VDPH DVWKHLUV DQG HLWKHULW LVDVFDODURULWVVKDSHLVWKHVDPHDVWKHLUV

’ HILQLWLRQ

7KLV IXQFWLRQ LV OLNH L [ ZLWK WKUHHH[FHSWLRQV 2QO\DVLPSOHLLV DOORZHG VR RQO\ LWHPVRI
[ DUH FKRVHQ ,I L LV 1XOO WKH UHVXOW LV QRLWHPV RI[ QRWDOO LWHPVRI[ ,IDQ HOHPHQWRIL
LV RXW RI UDQJH QR LQGH[ HUURU LV UHSRUWHG LQVWHDG G LV SODFHG LQ WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ SRVLWLRQ LQ
WKH UHVXOW UHSOLFDWHG LI QHFHVVDU\ VR WKDW LW PDWFKHV WKH LWHPV RI [

([DPSOHV

BLQGH[^
0DU -XO 0D\ 1RY Q D ‘
0D\
Q D
Q D
-XO

BLQGH[^ ‘