Preface Things Are Going to Get a Lot Worse Before Things Get Worse “I liken starting one’s computing career with Unix, say as an under- graduate, to being born in East Africa. It is intolerably hot, your body is covered with lice and flies, you are malnourished and you suffer from numerous curable diseases. But, as far as young East Africans can tell, this is simply the natural condition and they live within it. By the time they find out differently, it is too late. They already think that the writing of shell scripts is a natural act.” — Ken Pier, Xerox PARC Modern Unix1 is a catastrophe. It’s the “Un-Operating System”: unreliable, unintuitive, unforgiving, unhelpful, and underpowered. Little is more frus- trating than trying to force Unix to do something useful and nontrivial. Modern Unix impedes progress in computer science, wastes billions of dol- lars, and destroys the common sense of many who seriously use it. An exaggeration? You won’t think so after reading this book. 1Once upon a time, Unix was a trademark of AT&T. Then it was a trademark of Unix Systems Laboratories. Then it was a trademark of Novell. Last we heard, Novell was thinking of giving the trademark to X/Open, but, with all the recent deal making and unmaking, it is hard to track the trademark owner du jour.