abnormal termination of user tasks (abend) and response degradation.
Errors that are successfully retried or corrected are known only to the I/O supervisor and the I/O error retry and recording routines; they
appear to the second level interruption handlers (such as WAITP1GE) as
if the original operation completed normally. SOFT An I/O error that occurs on a page swap-out is
considered to be a soft error. DMKPTRAN calls DMKPGTPG to assign a
different DASD page slot and the page is re-queued for output. The slot
that caused the error is not de-allocated, and thus is not assigned to
another virtual machine. All other uncorrectable paging errors are hard
because they more drastically affect system performance. RECOVER!: Hard paging errors occur on either I/O errors for
page reads or upon eXhausting the system's spooling and paging space.
Recovery attempted on hard errors depends upon the nature of the task for which the read was being done. If the operation was an attempt to
place a page of a virtual machine's virtual storage into real storage,
the operation of that particular virtual machine is terminated by
setting the page frame in error to zero and placing the virtual machine
in console function mode. The user and operator are informed of the
condition, and the page frame causing the error is not de-allocated,
thereby ensuring that it is not allocated to another user& The control program functions that call DMKPTRAN (such as spooling,
pageable control program calls, and system directory management) have
the option of requesting that unrecoverable errors be returned to the
caller. In this case, the CP task may attempt some recovery to keep the
entire system from terminating Cabend). In general, every attempt is aade to at least allow the operator to bring the system to orderly
shutdown if continued operation is impossible.
Proper installation planning should make the occurrence of a space
exhaustion error an exception. An unusually heavy user load and a
backed-up spooling file could cause this to happen. The operator is
warned when 90% of the temporary (paging/spooling) space in the system
is exhausted. He should take immediate steps to alleviate the shortage.
Possible reaedies that exist include preventing more users from logging
on and requesting users to stop output spooling operations. More drastic measures might include the purging of low-priority spool files. If the
system's paging space is completely exhausted, the operation of virtual machines progressively slows as more and more users have paging requests
that cannot be satisfied and operator intervention is required. VIRTUAL RELOCATION CP provides the virtual aachine the capability of using the DAT feature
of the real System/370. Programming simulation and hardware features
are combined to allow usage of all of the available features in the real
hardware, (that is, 2K or 4K pages, 64K or 1M segments) • For clarification, soae tera definitions follow: The physical storage of the real CPU, in which CP resides. The virtual storage available to any virtual machine, maintained by CP. CP Introduction 1-117
Third-level The virtual storage space defined by
operating in second-level storage, under control of page
tables which reside in second-level storage.
the systea
and segaent fage Logical mapping between first-level and
second-level storage. !!!!ual !ab1es: Logical aapping between second-level
and third-level storage. Shad2! and !ab1e§: Logical aapping between first-level
storage and third-level storage. A standard, nonrelocating virtual aachine in CP is provided with a
single control register, control register zero that can be used for: • Extended masking of external interruptions • Special interruption traps for SSM • Enabling of virtual block multiplexing A virtual machine that is allowed Lv uSe the control of Systea/370 is provided with a full coap1ement of 16
registers, allowing virtual aonitor calls, PER, extended masking, and dynamic address translation. control
channel An extension to the noraa1 virtua1-aachine VMBLOK is built at the
tiae that an extended control virtual machine logs onto CPa This ECBLOK contains the 16 virtual control registers, 2 shadow control registers,
and several words of information for maintenance of the shadow tables,
virtual CPU timer, virtual TOD clock coaparator, and virtual PER event
data. The majority of the processing for virtual address translation is
performed by the aodu1e DMKVAT, with additional routines in DMKPRG, DMKPRV, DMKDSP, DMKCDB, DMKLOG, DMKUSO, and DMKPTR. The siau1ation of
the relocation-control instructions (that is, LCTL, STCTL, PTLB, RRE,
and LRI) is perforaed by DMKPRV. These instructions, with the exception
of LCTL and STCTL, are not available to virtual aachines which are not
allowed the extended control aode. ihen an extended-control virtual aachine is first active, it has only
the real page and segment tables provided for it by CP and operates
entirely in second-level storage. DMKPRV examines each PSi loaded via LPSi to determine when the virtual aachine enters or leaves extended
control or translate mode, setting-the appropriate flag bits in the VMBLOK. Flag bits are also set whenever the virtual aachine aodifies
control registers 0 or 1, the registers that control the dynaaic address
translation feature. DMKDSP also examines PSis that are loaded as the
result of interruptions to determine any changes in the virtual
machine's operating aode. The virtual machine can load or store any of
the control registers, enter or leave extended control aode, take
interruptions, etc., without invoking the address translation feature.
If the virtual machine, already in extended control mode, turns on
the translate bit in the EC aode PSi, then the DMKVATMD routine is
called to exaaine the virtual control registers and build the required
shadow tables. (Shadow tables are required because .the real DAT hardware
is capable of only a first-level storage mapping.) DMKVATMD examines virtual control registers 0 and 1 to determine if they contain valid
information for use in constructing the shadOW tables. Control register
zero specifies the size of the page and segment the virtual aachine is
using in the virtual page and segment tables. The shadow tables
constructed by DMKVIT8D are always in the same foraat as the virtual
tables.
1-118 IBK V8/370 System Logic and Problem Determination--Vo1ume 1
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