LIPE OF GlllB..I.LDI, 103

to them more than his force that they fled bf'fore. Wewere informed that

· the Volunteers had sixty-six killed, with a very small proportion of
wounded. Two Austrian officers were killed in the church, besides others
Jrilled, wounde1l, and prisoners. .As so much had been said of the bri­
gandage and ruffianism of Garibaldi's men, I examined them carefully.
I have had considerable practioe in the discrimination of bad faces, and
have occaaioruilly surprised a gaol chaplain by picking out the habitual
from the caawiJ.·criminals, but among the hundreds I saw I did not find
one; wild yow1g scamps, whom their fathers lectured, and their mothers
cried over, th,ere might be ; and many, no doubt, who had sauntered
away life ta.lkmg of Italian independence, who, if Englishmen, moat
probably, or if Scotchmen, most certainly, would have worked hard
abroad ifnot at home for personal independence till the time came to fight
for that of th1,ir country ; but that the force, or any appreciable propor­
tion of it, is made up of bad characters, I have no hesitation in denying.
There is a large number ofgentlemen-a large proportion appeared to be
sons of, or thE1mselves small proprietors, farmers, and tradesmen; the
remainder operatives and working men from town and country ; al men
who had worked honestly for their living, or did not require to do so,
decently and comfortably dressed, and all wonderfully tidy after sleeping
so long in th1!ir clothes. I did not see a ragged fellow among them.
Their behaviour was everywhere the 88Dle, quiet and orderly. Some I
saw in the handsome cathedral, admiring it, like ourselves. One or two
joined the service in a side chapeL The cafla were well frequented, too,
but in very many cues only to write letters, at which they were nry
grave. Othen1 patriotically did the amiable to the fair Comians, but I
saw not one drinking, all were sober and ready to fall in a moment's
notice. They 'l'rere good customers, but the patriotism ef the shopkeepers
did not vent itself in low prices. One young fellow I saw trying to pur­
chase one pf the small leathern bags travellers sling over the shoulder,
but his francs were few and the seller obdurate, and he had to leave it.
"I was much interested in two young gentlemen, apparently brothers,
who were going from shop to shop fitting out the elder, who looked nine­
teen or twenty. Tho younger had the seasoned look which a few weeks
give the if sleeping on wet ground 'under the canopy' does
not kill or send him to the hospital at once ; the elder had that bloom of
youth which survives hard contact with the world, never if with
personal hard11hip. The recruit was glowing with hopeful excitement;
war had. still its poetry for him, while the young veteran, though spirited,
was quiet and b116iness-like,-war wa11 a stern reality. Ho looked care-'

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104

OP GA.BIBA.LDI.

fully to the texture of the great coat, their only uniform, which the other
put on as ifit had been a robe for a triumph. It is a true saying,
' Give a dog a bad name and hang him.' The Austrians have so indus­
triously called Garibaldi and his men brigands, that, for consistency
sake, they will hang and shoot them like dogs iftaken prisoners. The
perfect confidence of the people, and the absence of any report of the
smallest outrage, confirm the opinions I formed from their appearance
and behaYiour, that instead of being guerillas, like some of-the Spanish
much robbers as soldiers-they are respectable citizens fight­
ing for their country, carrying into war the same respect for life and
property which they showed in peace. Even the Lombards in the ranks
are quite as much entitled to the fair u8ages of war as the Americans at
Bunker's Hill, and if the Austrians fight as bravely as they did fifty
years ago, and after being beaten thoroughly again and again, again and
again renew the fight, I hope the opinion of Europe will be brought to
bear against such vengeful barbarity as they exercised on regaining Lom.
hardy in 1849. There is no sign beyond a small tricolour cockade of the
majority being soldiers ; those with means wear over their clothes a grey
coat and a forage cap of the same, trimmed with black. The great majo­
rity are bearded men, between twenty-two and thirty-five; a good many
youths, but generally of the humbler class, and stout healthy lads; a few
elderly men, but all hale-looking old fellows, and apparently well to do
in the world. They seemed in excellent heart, but no sign of bra'l"ado, or
any demonstration, except on the appearance of their Late in
the afternoon we left for Lugano, where great surprise was expressed
upon hearing how comfortably e'l"erything progressed at Como.

"We could get no conveyance to Luino on Lake Maggiore, it being in
possession of the Austriims, so we had to go round by Magodino, at the
head of the lakes in the Swiss territory, anc} where four Sardinian
steamers are moored with a Swiss guard on board of each. W e,engaged
a boat to take us to Canobio, in the Sardinian territory, and embarked
at once, pulling along the Swiss side, where there were strong guards
and a sentinel every 150yards. Canobio is a very small town, squeezed into
a small triangle of available ground on the west bank of the lake, over­
hung by two high steep mountains, and so unapproachable that there is
not a horse or a mule in the place. Their only means of communication
are by and I could not see what they could have to communicate
by them. There seems to be no cultivation and no manufactures­
nothing; and how the people live is a mystery.

; " As Wtt drew near there was not a soul to be seen, but before we

u,

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