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later at the head of the laggards, occupied the same resting space. AI
hi11 men bad been forgotten when the rations were dinrilntted, he went
to the monul;ery and uked two of the to give him a little bread
for his 110ldieJ'8. The men of God replied sharply that they had baked
no bread that day, and were themselves ebort. The officer insisted with
all pOHi"ble politeness, for it seemed strange to him that a· monastery
should be entirely without bread. The brothera peraisted in their
declaration, aud e:r:preued their great regret, but the officer, still doubt­
ing so a fact, determined to speak to some other monk,
hoping that he might be more aucceuful. He wandered about, entered
the bake-howte, and rapped at the door of an adjoining room, when
IUd:lenly the door wu thrown open, and a brother appelll'8d with two
enormous dogs. .While holding one of them in a slip, the other was
hounded on tile officer, and so great wu the animal's fury, that it would
certainly killed him, had not a trooper, attn.eted by the noise, put a
bullet through the brute. This unexpected uaistaace at first discon­
certed the mo1mk ; but soon regaiaing hia presence of mind, he was about
to slip the other dog on the soldier, when, at the noise of the disturbance
and the shot, lll01lle of his comrades came up. The dog was cowed, and

the monk arre11ted to for his odious conduct. The room whence
the monk had emerged with the two dogs was then searched, and ano­
ther monk, e·vidently an accomplice of the first, was found concealed
behind the furniture, and also arrested. After this, so much bread wu
di1covered, that not only were abundant rations distributed to the
soldiers, but E'nough wu left for one hundred men the next day.

The two prisoners were led before the general at Orvieto. Garibaldi
was much irritated by their crime, and the BOldiers were urgent for
exemplary punishment. Still, the general interceded with the officer
attacked, obtained pardon for the insult, and generously restored the
monks their liberty. He contented himself with imposing on the
monastery, by virtue of the powers he held from the Roman government,
a fine of one hundred crowns. The return the monks made for this kind
treatment was characteristic ofthe followers of the Pope. A detachment
of cavalry, which had been sent to Foligno, on its return, passing near
another monastery in the neighbourhood of Todi, wu fired upon by the
brethren. The discharge killed the captain and da11gerously wounded
two troopers.

W c are bound to say that the officers had not yet shared in the
desertion, whic:h did not cease to render the column dispirited. It was

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a touching spectacle to see the leaders of every rank e.nd arm striving to
restore and excite emulation in the ranks by ignoring hunger.
thirst, and heat. The general and his noble wife, Cicerovacchio, and his
companions, distributed among the soldiers the scanty store of spirits
they ha<l reserved for their own occasions, and the manner in which they
offered it, contributed no less than the cordial, to cause the troops to
endure their su1ferings patiently.

On mid-day of July 17, 184.9, the legions arrived at Todi. They found
there several guns, but their heavy calibre rendered them an embarrass­
ment, and they were also considered useless in the mode of fighting in­
tended. Hence, the Garibaldians decided on only taking one, the lightest
of them all, and it would have been much better had that been left behind.
On the evening of the same day, the general gave the necessary orders for
the pas11age of the Tiber and the Tuscan frontier. In conformity with
his insbuctions the baggage was reduced to 90 bat horses. each l'arrying
2,000 ca.rtridgea. The carts and horses, and remaining ammunition were

handed over to the authorities .of Todi. Owing to desertions the corps
was at this moment reduced to 3,000 men of all arms.

The frontier of Tuscany, from Citema, runs diagonally to the central
part of the Italian peninsula as far as the Mediterranean, and in an
almost perpendicular direction from north to south. Two high roads lead
from the Papal States into Tuscany ; one, starting from Viterbo, passes
through Acquependente to Sienna; the other, starting from Perugia,
goes vi.1 .Arezzo to Florence. These two roads were occupied by the
Austrians. Garibaldi's design was to deceive the enemy by numerous
di ve rsions as to the point where he would cross the frontier; and, after
having crossed it, to find time to re-enter the legations again before the
Austrians could prevent it. A half-squadron, left as rear guard at San
Germini, received orders to advance as far as Folignoo, to raise an alarm
among the Austrian picqueta, and then rejoin the main body as rapidly BB
possible, while Garibaldi himselfremaincd at Todi, with the intention of
advancing on Cetona so soon as the necessary reconnoisances had been
effected. •

Th<' Austrians were, however, beginning to give signs oflife. As soon
as they learned Garibaldi's march on Todi, contrary to all their supposi­
tions, tltey hastily reduced the garrison of Ancona and the other towns in
the Ad1riatic in order to reinforce Umbria, and be able to prevent the
column entering the Legations Perugia. General D'Aspre, from
Florenc·e, and General Gorzgowslri, from Bologna, were preparing with a

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