LIF.B OJ' G..UUBJ.LDI.
a touching spectacle to see the leaders of every rank e.nd arm striving to
restore and excite emulation in the ranks by ignoring hunger.
thirst, and heat. The general and his noble wife, Cicerovacchio, and his
companions, distributed among the soldiers the scanty store of spirits
they ha<l reserved for their own occasions, and the manner in which they
offered it, contributed no less than the cordial, to cause the troops to
endure their su1ferings patiently.
On mid-day of July 17, 184.9, the legions arrived at Todi. They found
there several guns, but their heavy calibre rendered them an embarrass
ment, and they were also considered useless in the mode of fighting in
tended. Hence, the Garibaldians decided on only taking one, the lightest
of them all, and it would have been much better had that been left behind.
On the evening of the same day, the general gave the necessary orders for
the pas11age of the Tiber and the Tuscan frontier. In conformity with
his insbuctions the baggage was reduced to 90 bat horses. each l'arrying
2,000 ca.rtridgea. The carts and horses, and remaining ammunition were
handed over to the authorities .of Todi. Owing to desertions the corps
was at this moment reduced to 3,000 men of all arms.
The frontier of Tuscany, from Citema, runs diagonally to the central
part of the Italian peninsula as far as the Mediterranean, and in an
almost perpendicular direction from north to south. Two high roads lead
from the Papal States into Tuscany ; one, starting from Viterbo, passes
through Acquependente to Sienna; the other, starting from Perugia,
goes vi.1 .Arezzo to Florence. These two roads were occupied by the
Austrians. Garibaldi's design was to deceive the enemy by numerous
di ve rsions as to the point where he would cross the frontier; and, after
having crossed it, to find time to re-enter the legations again before the
Austrians could prevent it. A half-squadron, left as rear guard at San
Germini, received orders to advance as far as Folignoo, to raise an alarm
among the Austrian picqueta, and then rejoin the main body as rapidly BB
possible, while Garibaldi himselfremaincd at Todi, with the intention of
advancing on Cetona so soon as the necessary reconnoisances had been
effected. •
Th<' Austrians were, however, beginning to give signs oflife. As soon
as they learned Garibaldi's march on Todi, contrary to all their supposi
tions, tltey hastily reduced the garrison of Ancona and the other towns in
the Ad1riatic in order to reinforce Umbria, and be able to prevent the
column entering the Legations Perugia. General D'Aspre, from
Florenc·e, and General Gorzgowslri, from Bologna, were preparing with a
u
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